Stoneworking machine



my a, w24. 1,500,597

l A. BALL STONEWORKING MACHINE Original Filed June l, 19:12 3 SheetS'-Sheet,l Magg. "3@ 4B e A s@ mm l y u ,x Y s FJ ,5 l l ,"6V Ae Am Ai [5 .gul 8 924.

y A. BALL STONEWORKING MACHINE 3 Sheets- Sheet 2 Original Filed June 11912 www1 July s, 1924. www? A. BALL sToNEwoRKmG 'MACHINE Original FiledJune 1, 1912 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 TMW. mi.. w? JWM Patented July 8, 1924.

.ALBERT BALL, OF CLAEEMONT, NEW HAMPSHIRE, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE .ASSIGN-MENTS, T0 SULLIVAN MACHINERY COMPANY, 0F BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, A

CORPORATION OF MASSACHSETTS.

STONEW'ORKING MACHINE. i

Application led June 1, 1912, Serial No. 701,001. Renewed March 14,1921-. Serial No. 452,226.

To all tri/wm t may concern.'

Be it known that I, ALBERT BALL, a citi` Zen of the United States, and aresident of Claremont. in the county of Sullivan and State of NewHampshire, have invented an Improvement in Stoneworking Machines, of

' be best understood by reference to the following specification, whentaken in connection with the accompanying illustration of one specificembodiment thereof, while its scope will be more particularly pointedout in the appended claims:-

ln the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a front elevation partly broken away of a channelling machineembodying my invention; i

Fig. 2 is a plan section on an enlarged scale on line 2-2 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a plan section on scale on line BH3 of Fig. 1;, Y

Fig. 4 is an end elevation of themachine partly in vertical section;

an enlarged 7 Fig. 8 is a plan view of the mechanism partly inhorizontal section, with certainv parts removed, and I Fig. 9 is adetail in side elevation, show` ingone of the controlling levers. Y

My invention contemplates the provision of tool actuating mechanism foradirectV connected tool, such for example as the cutting tool of achanneling machine, or` the like, whereby the driving motor 'may bemounted in convenient proximity Vto-th'e tool, and so connectedthereto-as to actuate the tool in its reciprocatory movement to and fromthe 4work through the intervention of a suitable associated elasticmedium, such as compressed air.

Referring more particularly to the drawings and to the embodiment of myinvention which I have there shown for illustrat-ive purposes, l haveshown my invention as applied to a standard form of channeling machine,having a base or main frame 10, which may be of any suitable type orconstruction, having axles 11, having thereon truck wheels 12 wherebythe machine inay be moved on the bottom of the quarry along the usualtracks consisting of rails 13 for that purpose. Suitably mounted on thebase 1() in suitable 'brackets thereon is a trunnion bar or shaft 14,`whereon is pivoted in any suitable manner an upright standard 15, thesame consisting of upright supporting and guiding members united at thebottom and at the top joined by arch pieces or yokes 16. The standardmay be positioned at any desired point nion shaft 14, and may be tiltedto any desired angle in any suitable manner, as by the use of adjustablebraces 17, pivotally connected at their upper ends to the standard andat their lower ends to a bar or shaft 18 mounted on the base 10 at theback Vof A Y the machine, F 5 is a detail vertical sectional view on anenlarged scale of the frictional driving ln the particular embodimentshown, the truck is propelled along the trackway under its own power,motive means therefor being herein embodied in a truck driving motor 19,herein an electric motor mounted on the base 10. For driving the truck,power is transmitted from an armature shaft 20 of the motor, through apinion h21, secured to the latter and meshing with a gear 22, secured toa Atransverse transmission shaft 23, and a longitudinal driving shaft 24near the opposite side of the truck by suitable power transmittingmechanism, which will be more fully described. The drivingeshaft 24 ismounted in bearings 25, upon the base, and is provided at each end withworms 26 meshing with underlying worin `gears 27, the latteiI i'ixedlysecured each upon one of the axles 11, the latter acting to drive thetruck wheels 12 secured to the ends thereof.

As is usual in this class of apparatus, the cutting appliances are shownas mounted at the front or active side of the truck, and

4lengthwise of the machine upon the trunlthe standard is provided withguideways 33, to receive the sides of the .crosshead guide, and aguideway 34 to receive the baclnftliere being :provided gibs 35 suitablyto hold the cross-head guide in said guideways, (-seeF-ig. Y

Mounted for adjustmen'tupon the standard1tow-ardand 'from the work is asliding frame 136, to the fbottoin di' whicli'the sliding guide for thecrosshead is bolted. As indicated more clearly in Fig. 2,the standardIis ifinished at the liront, lbackend 4inner ifaces, to provide front`guideways v'37 and Yrear guide-ways :38, Aand inner -guideways 39, IO

and 41. The 4sliding); frame -36 extends -entirely through the standardand locks' 1around thelbackfolf'tlie latter, kwhere it is provided withfwearing gibs 42, entending the .whole llen'gth foi the sliding frame.There are also provided wearinwgibs 43 at the ffront of Ithe machine,and gib-screws 44 ibearing against the ilatter .to take -up the wear inthe sliding frame The sliding traineV :may he raised and lowered on thestandard A"toward and away from :the :work by any suitable 'mechanisnn"herein being :provided ttor this purpose wvith a nut45,receiving-therein a ''eed-screw46, which latter is journaled in avsuitable bearing LNon the standard. This 4'feed-sereni is rotated bysuitable means, :providing for an :angular Vadjustment oft the standardand parts carried :thereby without disturbingthe driving connectionwitlithe Steed-screw. To this end, I preferably provide a beveled gear48, -securedito the feed-screw 4G below the bearing 47, and meshing witha'beveled gear 49, suitably journaled on the fbase 10 concentricwithithe pivotal axis of'thestandard 'and preferably journaled on ithe.trunnionfshaft `.14. Athrust collar 50 may tbe provided iabove thebearing 47,1'to receive the :longitudinal thrust'of the feed-screw inthe one direction, 'while the 'hub 'of the -gear 4:8receivesithe'thrust1in the opposite direction. `Powera'mayibeappliedito'the gear 49 'from :the truck .driving motor by suitableconnections hereinafter described.

It will be observed that `the location of the ffeedfscrew fbelozw fthesliding frame,

'where lit :has operative engagement atV its upper end with the slidingiframe `and at its lower end directly with the 4tool feeding mechanismon thetruck. not vonly :provides va very inconspicuousandycoinpactLari-angeinent of tool feeding parts, but leaves the :upperportion of lthe sliding lfrarneand the standard freexor :the dispositionof :the

Vconnecting' rods ashereinatter described are `to the tool, 5but in vthedescribed embodiment of lmy invention, I have-'for this'purpose motordriven tool reciprocating mechanism. Y

A,parts may be provided, -but Y I `have yherein shown -nieans whereby ayielding Acushion of air is :interposed and herein l through theprovision of a cooperating cylinder and pis- Vtoinioneof which isadapted to be connected to the tool and the other to be reciproV catedby the motor. In the present -instance I have shown the cross-head 29directly connected to the `Kpiston Arod 30, as hereinbefore described.The piston rod is secured to ia lpiston V5l, working in acylinder52,'which isinounted for recipro'cation in the sliding 'frame 36, fthe'latter for that purpose having adjustably secured Vthereto suitableguides 53 (See Fig. 2*), preferably provided with `:V-shaped 'guideways54, which receive correspondingVfshaped slides 55 suitably secured to avshell 5 6, l'forming the body of the cylinder l"52. The guides may beheld in place y'by suitable 'gibsv NVhile Vthe cylinder maybe of`anysuita'ble construction, it is preferably')provided `with cylinderheads 58 `and 59, Awhich are united by the cylinder lshell 56, andpreferably also united by -a plu rality fof Ltie-'rods l:60 1passingthrough hotliheads and Aprovided -withinuts 61.rPhis-construction'provides for `a very light, but exceedingly strongcylinden-whieh is also inexpensive to manufacture. Anot'l'ieradvantage/ot' this Vconstruction is Ithat as'vthe connected to the lowercylinder fheadfthe tie-rods are placed under tension duringthe workingstroke whenthe Ablovvis struck.

Any --suitable mechanism may be employed to reciprocate the workingYcylinder 52,'and i thereby through 1its Vdescribed connection withcthetooljcarrying cross-:head reciprocat-e the llatter'and impart Yworkingstrokes provided Athe lower Vcylinder A'head E5.9 with :wrist-pins 62 onopposite sides-thereof. 'The Y lower cylinder head therefore constitutesa vc1oss-'hea`d, t-o which are connected connect- Eingaods, orpitinenytiypivoted onlthe'wristi pins 62. By placing the connecting.rods on `opposite sidesfof the cylinder, and Aby con- `necting them withthe lower cylinder head, certain important advantages 'are gained,

-amongthem the-making pot a'structure which .is exceedinglylightyet-strong, owing tothe fact Ithat, as above vstate'ch,thecylind'er 'isunder 4tension when the blow tis about to be ASliding -fraine 36, andmay 4receive its`power i -liO from a suitable motor 68, herein anelectric motor, which may be mounted on any suitable part of themachine, but is preferably secured to the sliding frame. i

The motor is provided with an armature shaft 69, which drives thecrank-shaft 64 through suitable means, herein a pinion secured to thearmature shaft, and meshing with a gear 7l carried by the crank-shaft.In the case of a mechanically actuated tool driven by a motor throughtransmission ing from time to time the relations of the driving gearsand 'the -reciprocatory driving member, so that the ,identityV *ofV theteeth which are in engagement at the time the maximum forces have tobetransmitted will be altered from time to time and the life of the gearsthereby correspondingly lengthened. For this purpose, I preferablyprovide between the motor and the toolcarrying element suitable meansaffording a slipping driving connection, permitting a slipping action totake place under resistance of the working tool.V `While other means maybe employedv for. this purpose, I preferably' make the gear 71 in theform of a Vringshaving an annular flange 72 interposed between afriction disk 7 3 secured to the crank shaft 64 and a friction disk 74.Suitable friction rings 75 and 76, herein made of leather, be interposedbetween the flange 72 `and the friction disks 7 3 and 74. The frictiondisks 7 3 and 74 may be urged toward each other to press the frictionrings 75 and 76 against the flange 72 by rany lsuitable means, but Ipreferably pro-vide for that Vpurpose a plurality of springs 77 locatedVin recesses 78 provided in the friction disk 74, and encircling bolts 79provided with nuts 80. By this means, the resistance afforded. by thedriving connection just described can be varied within wide limits. Thisslipping driving connection just described providesv for a slippingaction at the moment that maximum resistance is encountered, andconsequently the gear 71 is continually shifting its position around thecrank shaft 64, and hence the wear-upon the teeth of the gear isdistributed evenly around the latter. These frictional connections willbe justed to eifect the desired result.

rIhis construction, moreover, has the further advantage of providing fora slackening or even complete cessation suitably ad? y tions of thecylinder.

of the operation of the tools, while the moto-r continues to run at asubstantially uniform speed. VUnder difficult conditions of the work,while the machine is working in hard or crooked cuts, or when for anyother reason there is an abnormal resistance offered by the work to thetool or tool gang, the described shift-able driving connections permit ashifting, or rearrangement of the driving relationship between themotorand the tool. For example, under some circumstances, the tool gang willslow down while working in hard places, while the motor maintains Vasubstantially constant speed. Under unusually difficult conditions ofthe work, the tool or tool gang may suddenly stick or stop entirely, yetwithout overloading the motor, or causing breakage or other damage tothe motor or any other parts of the machine, the motor continuing tooperate at a substantially constant speed, irrespective of anyslackening or cessation in the operation of the tool or tool gang due/toabnormal resistance offered by the work.

It is apparent that since the travel of the cross-head or tool-holdingmeans, and that ofthe working cylinder, is dependent on the throw of thecrank-shaft, the longer the stroke the greater will be the travel of thecross-head and theiheavier the blow imparted to the work. The throw ofthe crank shaft maybe made to suit the requirements of the work to whichthe machine is particularly adapted.

The working cylinder 52 is `adapted to contain bothbelow and above thepiston 5l fluid of any suitable nature, as air. It will be apparentthatthe elasticity of theblow depends upon the amount or degree of comwpression of the air or other'fluid contained in the working cylinder. Ifthe fluid be i under high compression, a rigid blow may be imparted tothe work. By varying the 1degree of compression of the air, or otherfluid, within the working cylinder, a more or less elastic blow may beimparted, and if desired, the air compressed in the cyl-- inder may bepractically at or slightly above atmospheric pressure, in which case avery elastic stroke is imparted.

In order to provide for the desiredelasticity of the stroke, to furnishthe necessary lifting and striking power, I may provide the workingcylinder with a plurality of ports or openings differently located lon-.

gitudinally thereof. These ports may afford a free communication withthe atmosphere, or may be interconnected in some manner, as by providinga conduit connecting the ports, the conduit serving as a means ofcommunication between two por#` stance, vI have shown the workingcylinder 52 provided with a plurality of ports 81, 82, 83, 84,185 and86, dierently located llC- InY the present inlongitudinally 'of' thelcylinder, land k.adapted to l formfaizineans of communication betweenthe interior of' the cylinder and lthe llatnios phcre. "In orderthat'thef-force ofthe=blow may be varied to suit ntheaclraracter Ifofithe stone'or other lconditions *of .fthe -work, I preferably providesuitable 'means 1foi-fclosing any i selected opening. or Fopenings, iandto tha-t'en'd "I have herein Iprovided 4the 1'@ ports'rSS, n842,85 and'86withscrewf'threaded plugs87, #88, '89 ='and f90, respectively. It

willbe 'evidenh' that when, during. the 'work-- ingr-stroke, theY,pistonlras passed the Alastopen port in I travelling toward one i ends of the cylinder, the :airientrapped *within `the cylinder 'will becompressed, thus iformifnfg a cushion and 'providing 'for an elasticstroke. of the ltool-ciiarrying fc'rosskhead. Preferably the ports?referred to: are pl'aced i at 'opposite '.sides `respectively of theilongitudinal-v centery of the Scylinder,thus1:avoiding confining 'in"the latter :more zair f than 'is needed togiVe thedesire'delasticity.@It will be evident l that the .nearer 1 the iports lare Ato e -theAcylinder '-.to the other, as @the -piston travels lto and ifro fin Ithellatter. 'For example, assumingthat thefpistonlisg: travellingfromthe'lower endof the cylinder ltofthe upper end, after it passes thevport 92,1the

l' air which'it tends'to compressin the upper end ofthe cylinderfin"ds=an1escaperfrcm the port 91, `by-passl conduit" 93 fand port A92,`to the "lower end of thefcylinder, thus ftransferring a portion of =theair 'from Iabove-the piston to belowthelatter. When, however` vtheipiston in its upward 'stroke lhas :passed beyond the :port 91, ithe`air trapped `inethe upper yendV of the cylinder `will be come pressed,and lwill give the desired 'elastici efect. Certain important advantagesare derived :from the use ofithis by-pass, .among them fthe *saving =offpower, -and :also 'the prevention of .fthe -w-aste of the i cylinderoil, which 'by the use so'f Athe bypass xis :thrown from one-sideofthe'cylinderrpast the piston 'to :the other sidefof thelcylin'der.

.Preferably the pistonrod has-an extension 94 Vguided in the uppercylinder head 58, the latter for this ipur-pose ,being ypreferablyprovided with afsuitablebushing 95. The-cylinder'head 58 ispreferablyprovided with va closed tube\96,fforming'a casingfor the piston :rod-eXtension91L Intorder 'Sto lprovide -for a free movement of 'theair'torand 'frointhe chamber thus zformed lyoogeev by V.the closed =tube96, the piston 1 rod extension r9.4; maybe provided with Vai passage 97leading from Asaid :chamber to alateral port 98, the latteriradapted tocommunicate with the fcylinder'abovethc' piston. By ei;-

tendinfg the piston-'rod in the described manner into i the uppervcylinder head, Aland pro viding fa fguidetherefor, the piston isad`curately guided and :the wear is thereby greatlydecreased. The placingof the vconneetingirodsoni-opposite'sides of the cylinder effordsfamplespaceV @at the' upper cylinp der'head for providing theguideand casingsothat the'fpist'omrod maybeextended upwardly Vfrom the 'upper 'cylinderhead fas just described. Y Y.

`Averyv importantiadvantage of the construction l so far described isI"the -iinproif'ed manner in ywhicha-a blow is :struck andrthereciprocation 2of `the steels. accomplished. Assuming lthe partsinitiallyj in the -lrelativ'e position-shown i in Fig.' y@fandthatth'ecrank shaft iis at the -`:saineg timeinf thef'po'sitionlcorrespending f to Fig. l .4, it v will be VVevident that as the crank :shaftdslowly 'begins 5to revolve after themotor'l68fh1asf been started, the ipiston-f5l will 1be 'raisedfup, resting uponthe i lower cylindersh'e'ad59,\to theaipper'liinit Voftrfavel of'thclowerheadof the cylinder. Uponthenext downwardlmovementiof the cylindenthe-ipifston-willtend to followthe cylindeiuheadV 59'fandy if the *rotationis slow, gravity 'andfriction "between fthe walls of the cylinder land fthe Ipiston `willcause the piston 1to :descend at :a substantially 'equal rate `withthecylinder, but as'the'speedfof Y lVihenlthis.phenomenon occurs; the air;yabove the piston 'willbe compressed `and the velocity-ofthe piston lwillybeyrapidly'increased Y Aand' brought up to a :point iof substantialequality with that offthe-cylinder.' 'Itfwill tbe eevident, however,that the cylinder will reverse @its movement sprio'r'to the reversal VOf'movement of fthepiston, for lthe cylinder -will lhave passed r throughits 'point ofVA maxi- I @mumrinstantaneous velocity at about the time"the Icrank `:pins 165 arecutting a 'horiyzo'ntal fp'lane passingthrough the axis of the crank-shaft 64, whereas tlieipiston will p 'notreach 'fits -maXi'mu-m velocityuntil a #time sonieivhat Slater.

Accordingly, :as lthe i ftation of the crankipin 65,'the1pistcn, whichreached its fm-aximum velocity later :than

ward at maximum velocity, in such manner as to bring the steels 28 intocontact with the rock. It will be noted that as the piston movesdownward relative to the cylinder, the passages 81 and 82 will permitthe escape of air from beneath the piston and that after both areclosed, the by-pass 93 will maintain for a still longer period asubstantially unretarded movement of the piston relative to thecylinder. lt will thus be seen that the piston having received a highvelocity will strike a. blow upon the rock which is measured directly bythe mo\ mentum of the piston and of the connected parts, and, further,that this shock will not `be directly transmitted to the cylinder, butinstead the piston will be picked up b-y the airbeneath it and raised upas the'cylinder rises, the cylinder having started its upward travelprior to the striking of the blow, whereby the recoil of the steels fromthe rock synchronizes with the change in direction of travel ofthecylinder. It will be understood that this effect is secured to a maximumdegree at a particular adjustment of the sliding frame. Further, if thesteels do not come in contact with the rock, it will be evident that thepiston willbe cushioned 'by the air entrapped below it after the closureof the port 92 and not strike the cylinder head.

As a means for lubricating the piston rod extension, the upper cylinderhead 58 is preferably provided with a lubricating f chamber 99,connected by a port 100 with an annular groove 101 in the bushing 95,encircling the piston rod extension. This chamber may be filled throughan upstanding filling tube 102 provided with a filling cap 103, As ameans for lubricating the cylinder, there may be provided a conduit 104fixed in the cylinder head, forming a means of communication between thelubricating chamber and the interior of the cylinder. Preferably thisconduit is extended upwardly into the filling tube 102 to a point abovethe normal level of the oil, so that the latter instead of beingconstantly fed into the cylinder is supplied thereto gradually in smallquantities by slopping of the oil up and down in the filling' tube. Y Y

The lower cylinder head may be provided with a suitable wearing bushing105 for the piston rod 30, and may be provided with a suitable gland orVstuffing box 106, of any usual or desired construction, to preventleakage from the cylinder around the piston rod. As a means forlubricating the pis-` ton rod 30, theflower cylinder head 59 may beprovided with an oil chamber 107, havinga port or ports 108communicating with smaller ports 109 provided in the bushing 105. Thelubricating chamber 107 may be utilized to also lubricate the wrist pins62, the latter for this purpose being chambered 114. (See Fig. 7). Thelevel of the oil will preferably be maintained slightly below the oilholes 108 and 110 so that the oil will Ibe supplied where needed by theslopping about of the oil as the cylinder is recipro cated.

Referring to the power transmission devices interposed between theengine and the truck-driving mechanism on the one hand and thetool-feeding mechanism on the other, reference may be had to Figs. 4 and8, especially Fig. 8. From this, it will be seen that the transmissionshaft 23 carries fixed-- `ly secured to its outer end a beveled gear115, the latter meshing with two gear members 116 and 117, and acting todrive both of the latter at the same speed, but in opposite directions.

Both the gear, or truck driving, members 116 and 117 are mounted torotate loosely upon a countershaft 118, but may be clutched theretoeither one at will to turn the shaft in either direction, and therebyturn a. pinion 119 keyed to said. shaft and meshing with a gear 120, thelatter being keyed to the truck driving shaft 24, hereinbefore referredto.

Any suitable form of clutching means may be employed, but since theparticular character of the same is not of great consequence and is notessential to the illustration of my present invention, it will sufficeto say that the gear members 116 and 117 are provided with clutches 121and 122, respectively, operated by sliding collars 1 23 and 124,provided respectively with circumferential grooves 125 and 126. Thesegrooves receive yoke-shaped arms 127 and 128, secured to aclutch-shifting slide rod 129, mounted to slide in guides 130 on thebase 10. One end of this slide rod (see Fig. 9) is suitably connected toa hand lever 131, pivoted at 132 upon the frame, so that by moving thehand lever, the gear members 1.16 and 117 may be clutched to andunclutched from the counter shaft 118, it being understood of coursethat when one is clutched, ,the other is unclutched. Preferably theslide rod and handle are so arranged that they may be moved to any oneofv three positions, one of which is eective to drive the truck in o-nedirection, another in the opposite direction, and a third, orintermediate position for securing inaction, or rest.

During the operation of the machine, the channeler'is advanced along thetrackway, the tools acting to cut a channel groove of increasing depth.For adjustablyfeeding the tools with their actuating faces downward uponthe standard to adapt them to the increasing depth of the cnt, or forelevating the tools o ut of the cut, the feed-screw and nut hereinbeforedescribed are employed. Referring now to the mechanism for driving thefeed-screw, the gear member 49 hereinbefore refered to may be providedwith a spur gear portion 133, which may be placed in mesh with either ofthe two spur gears 134 and 135, suitably secured to a shaft 136,journa'led in suitable bearings 137 and 138 on the base 10. IVhen thestandard is slid along the trunnion shaft fi'om one end of the machineto the other, the standard carries with it the beveled gear 49 and spurgear 133, and in order to avoid possible breaking of the teeth of thegears 133, 134 and 135, the two latter gears are preferably secured tothe shaft 136 by suitable means, as 'for example set screws 139 and-140,which permit these gears to beV slid out of the way, and after thestandard has been moved into place, either gear, as the case may be, isslid back into mesh with the gear 133, and held in place by its setscrew. It vwill now be evident that when the standard is set at one endof the niachine, the gear 133 will be driven by the gear 134, and whenthe standard isset at the other end of the machine, the gear 133 will bedriven bythe gear 135.

The shaft 136 may be driven in any suitable manner from the transmissiongearing T' hereinbefore referred to, but for that piirpose said shaftherein has a gear 141 secured thereto, meshing with a gear 142, thelatter secured toa shaft 143, journaled in the bear ings 137 and 138hereinbefore referred'to. If desired, the shaft 143 may be providedwiths'quared ends 144 and y145, to receive a'suitable crank (not shown),by means of whichfthe shaft 143 `may be manually rotated to elevate anddepress the sliding frame 36 when there is no pow'erbn. Secured t'o theshaft 143 (see Fig. 1) is a gear 146, meshing with a gear 147, thelatter see F ig. 8)l being formed von or secured to a sleeve 148, thelatter mounted for loose lrotation oii the driving shaft 24. VIioi"turning the sleeve 148 in either directionat will thereby vt'o raise or'lower the tools, the.

sleeve may be provided at opposite ends thereof Withsuit'ableclutchdevice's 149 and 150, which maybe clutched to or iinclutched fromppositely driven driving members 151 andl l152 by devices generallysimilar to those previouslyl described. The driving member 151 isprovided with a spur gear.

153, 'which meshes ywith a spur gear 154, rformed on the truck drivinggear member 116, while the` tool'feeding driving member 152isprovidedwith a spii'r'gear 155,inesh' ing with a similar gear 156, formed` onthe tiiick'driving `gear 117. From this it fclhand lever 162, theseconnections being sub-' staiitially similar to those of the truckdrivin'g` member already described and fully illustrated. By thesedescribed connections, the feed-screw may be turned in one direction orthe other, or allowed to remain stationary at will. The improved feedingmechanism for tools is not claimed herein, but in my copeii'dingdivisional application, Serial No. 714,972, filed May 21, 1924.

While I have shown and Vdescribed one form of my invention forillustrative purposes, and have disclosed and discussed in detail theconstruction and arrangement incidental to one specific embodimentthereof, it is to be understood that the invention is limited neither tothe mere details or relative arrangement of` parts, nor to its specificapplication herein shown, but that extensive deviations from theillustrated form or embodiment of the invention may be made withoutdeparting from the principles thereof. l

Having thus described one v'form' of my invention, what I claim is y 1.In a machine of the class described, the combination ofV a crank-shaft,a cylinder comprising two heads, a pair of connecting rods disposed onyopposite sides of said cylinder, connected directly to said crank-shaftand to the further `cylinderhead, anda toolactuating piston mounted toreciprocate within said cylinder.

2. In a machine of the class described, the combination of acrank-shaft, afcylinder comprising two headsand tie members ccnl nectingsaid heads, a pair of Vconnecting rods disposed on opposite 4sidesY ofsaid cylinder connected to said rcrank-shaft and directly to the furthercylinder head, and 'a toolactuatiiig pistn mounted to reciprocate withinsaid cylinder. y

3. In a machine of the Vvclass described,`the combination of acrank-shaft, a cylinder, a cross-headcarried by said cylinder and havinga wristp'in, la 'connecting rod Aconnecting said wrist-'pin to 'saidcrank-shaft, said crossh'e'ad being provided with a'hibricating 'chamberfor said wristipin, and :i piston mounted to reciprocate within said"cylinder. Y

4. In a machine of the class described,V the combination of va cylinderhaving :i

lll)

cylinder head and a piston mounted to reciprocate within said cylinderand having a piston rod extended beyond said cylinder head, saidcylinder head being provided with a chamber for said piston rod exten`sion, and a passage providing constant communication between saidchamber and one end of the said cylinder.

5. In an apparatus of the class described,

t 'the combination with a tool, of a driving ydisposed on opposite sidesof the cylinder,

said rods being connected directly to the cylinder head nearest thetool.

6. In a channeler, a driving motor, a

'i lcylinder having upper and lower heads, a

piston contained within the cylinder and having oppositely extendingpiston rods guided by said heads, a tool carried by the piston, a crankshaft disposed above the piston, driving connections between one end ofthe same and said motor, and a pair of connecting rods connected to saidcrank shaft and directly to the lower cylinder head.

7. In a machine of the class described, the combination of a cylinderhaving cylinder heads, a piston within said cylinder, means forattaching a tool to said piston, and means connected directly to thecylinder head adjacent said last named means for actuating saidcylinder.

8. In a machine of the class described, the combination of a cylinderhaving cylinder heads, said cylinder having a plurality of openings tothe atmosphere differently 1ocated longitudinally of the cylinder, meansfor closing any selected opening, a piston within said cylinder, meansfor att-aching a tool to said piston, and means connected directly tothe cylinder head adjacent said last named means for actuating saidcylinder.

9. In a machine of the class described, the combination of a cylinderhaving cylinder heads, said cylinder having a plurality of openingsdifferently located longitudinally of the cylinder, means connectingsaid openings, a piston within said cylinder, means for attaching a toolto said piston, and means connected directly to the cylinder headadjacent said last named'means for actuating said cylinder.

10. In a machine of the class described, the combination ofreciprocating tool carrying means including a reciprocable cylinderhaving cylinder heads, driving means, and

means including a slip connection for connecting said driving meansdirectly to the cylinder head adjacent the tool. n

l1. In astone working machine, in combination, a cutting tool, actuatingmeans therefor, a cylinder having cylinder heads, a piston in saidcylinder, means for controlling the relative movement of said cylinderand piston and for maintaining a circulation and renewal of air in saidcylinder, and driving connections between said actuating means and saidcylinder including a member connected directly to the cylinder headadjacent the tool.

12. In a machine of the class described, the combination of a cylinderand a piston mounted to reciprocate within said cylinder, means forreciprocating one of said elements, a tool attached to the other of saidelements, said reciprocated element being operative to give impetus tosaid tool carrying element, and means permitting the free movement ofone of said elements with respect to the other after said tool carryingelement has acquired an impetus from a position to the rear of itsmid-position with respect to the other element to a position materiallyforward of such midposition, said means comprising a bypass passageopening at its ends into the cylinder bore at spaced points, each of thecommunications of said bypass passage with the cylinder bore beingopened and closed at. least once in each complete relative reciprocationof said elements.

13. In a machine of the class described, the combination including acylinder and a 'piston mounted to reciprocate within said cylinder,means for reciprocating one of said elements, a tool attached to theother of said elements, said reciprocated element being operative totransmit impetus to said toolcarrying element, and means forming aby-pass for transmitting fluid from the chamber formed between one endof the cylinder and the piston to the chamber between the other endofthe cylinder and the piston to permit the free movement of the toolcarrying element with respect to said. reciprocated element after saidtool carrying element has acquired its impetus.

14. In a machine of the class described, the combination of a cylinderand a piston mounted to reciprocate within said cylinder, means forreciprocating one of said elements, a tool attached to the other of saidelements, said reciprocated element being operative to give impetusto-said tool carrying element, and means permitting the free movement ofone of said elements with respect to the other after said tool carryingelement has acquired the impetus and comprising a bypass passageopening` at its ends into the cylinder bore at spaced points, saidcommunications of' said bypass passage with the cylinder bore being opensimultaneously at the relative mid-positions of the cylinder and piston,whereby the momentum of the tool carrying element and cylinder, meansfor reciprocating one of said elements, a tool attached to ithe other ofsaid elements, said reciprocated element being operative to give impetusto said tool lcarryingelement, and a-by-pass adapted to interconnect theends of the cylinder in certain relative positions of said cylinder an'd.piston and operative to transmit pressure iuid from below the piston tothe upper side thereof to permit the free movement of the tool carryingelement with respect to said reciprocated element after said toolcarrying element has acquired its impetus, whereby the force of the blowis determined by the momentum of the tool carrying element and tool.

16. Ina machine of the class described, the combination of a cylinderand a piston reciprocable within said cylinder, means for vpositivelyreciprocating oneof said elements, a tool attached to the other of saidelements, said reciprocated element being operative to impart impetus tosaid tool carrying element, means for admitting and discharging air toand from said cylinder during relative reciprocation of said cylinderand piston, and Vmeans operative to interconnect the ends of thecylinder to bypassv air from one side of said piston to the otherwhereby Iimpetus may be transmitted from said positively reciprocatedelement to said tool carrying element and said latter element thereafterpermitted to move freely relative to said reciprocated element. 17. In amachine of the class described, the combination of a'cylinder and apiston reciprocable within said cylinder, means for positively lreciprocating one of said elements, a tool attached to the other of saidelements, said recipr'ocated 'elementl being operative to impart impetusto said tool carrying element, means spaced from the ends ofsaid'cylinder for admitting and discharging air to and from saidcylinderduring vrelative reciprocation of said cylinder and piston, and meansoperative to'by-pass air from one side of said piston to the other,saidby-passing means opening into said cylindernearer the ends thereofthan said admitting and 4discharging means, whereby impetus 'may betransmitted from said mechanically reciprocated element kto said toolcarrying element and said latter element thereafter permitted to -movefreely relative to said reciprocated element.

18. In a machine of the `class described, the combination of 'a cylinderand a piston reciprocable within said cylinder, means for mechanicallyreciprocating one of said elements, a tool attac-hed to the other ofsaid elements, said reeiprocated element being operative to give impetusto said tool carrying element, means whereby relative movement of saidcylinder and piston may cause admission and discharge of air to and fromsaid cylinder, and means communicating with the 'bore of the cylinder atpoints spaced longitudinally of the cylinder by a distance greater thanthe thickness of the piston, whereby air may be bypassed from one sideof said piston to the other, whereby after impetus has been transmittedfrom said reciprocated element to said tool carrying element the latterelement may move freely relative to said reciprocate'd element.

19. Ina machine of 'the class described, the combination of a crankshaft, a cylinder, a cross head carried by said cylinder and having awrist-pin, a connecting rod connecting said wrist-pin to said crankshaft7 a piston mounted-to reciprocate in said cylinder and having a rodprojecting through `and guided in each end of said cylinder, lubricantchambers disposed 'adjacent 4each end of said cylinder, m'eans fordistribute ing lubricant therefrom -to said rod, and means fordistributing lubricant from one of said chambers to said wrist-pin.

20. In a machine of the class described, the combination of a crankshaft, a cylinder, a cross head carried by said cylinder 'and having awrist-pin, a 'connecting rod connecting said wrist-pin to said crankshaft, a piston mounted to reciprocate within said cylinder and providedat opposite sides with rods extended through and guided Iin the ends ofsaid cylinder, a lubricant chamber yfor said wrist-pin disposed -in saidcross head, and means carriedby said-cylinder to lubricate said rodextensions-and piston.

21. In 4a lmachine of the class described, the combination Yincluding"acylinder member, a piston member therein, `means for positivelyreciprocating one of said members, a tool operatively `connected tolfthe other of said members, and means lfor inter-connecting the spaceswithin the cylinder member at opposite sides of the piston mem'- berwhen said members arein Aa predetermined .relative position.

22. In a machine of the class described, the combination including acylinder-member, a piston 'member therein, means for positivelyreciprocating one of -said members, a tool operatively connected t'o theother of said members, means foradmitting fluid Ito the interior of saidcylinder vmember, and means for interconnecting the spaces within thecylinder'member at oppol bers, a tool operatively connected to the otherof said members, means for exhausting fiuid from the interior of saidcylinder member, and means for interconnecting the spaces within thecylinder member at opposite sides of the piston member when said membersare in a predetermined relative position.

24. In a machine of the class described, the combination including acylinder member, a piston member therein. means for positivelyreciprocating one of said members, a tool operatively connected to theother of said members, means connecting the interior of said cylindermember with the atmosphere opened and closed by said piston memberduring relative reciprocation of said members, and means forinte-rconnecting the spaces Within the cylinder member at opposite sidesof the piston member when said members are in a predetermined relativeposition.

9,5.'In a machine of the class described, the combination including acylinder member, a piston member therein, means for positivelyreciprocating one of said members, a tool operatively connected to theother of said members, means connecting the interior of said cylindermember with the atmosphere opened and closed by said piston memberduring relative reciprocation of said members, and means including abypass passage opening through the Wall of said cylinder member forinterconnecting the spaces within the cylinder member at opposite sidesof the piston member when said members are in a. predetermined relativeposition.

26. In a machine of the class described the combination including acylinder member, a piston member therein, a tool operatively connectedwith one of said members, means for positively reciprocating the otherof said members to cause reciprocation of said first mentioned member,and means for permitting said tool carrying member to travel freelyrelative to said other member for less than its full path includingmeans for interconnecting the chambers in said cylinder member onopposite sides of said piston member.

27. In a machine of the class described, the combination including acylinder member, a piston member disposed therein, a tool operativelyconnected to one of said members, means for positively reciprocating theother of said members to cause the compressions of the fiuid between thepiston member and the ends of the cylinder member which occur onrelative movements of said members to cause reciprocation of said memberto which a tool is operatively connected in stepped relation to saidpositively reciprocated member, and means including a bypass operativet0y intermittent-ly interconnect the spaces at the opposite sides of thepiston member in order to delay substantial compression of fluid betweenthe approaching ends of the piston and cylinder members until the memberto which said tool is connected is materially beyond its mid-positionrelative to said positively reciprocated member.

2S. In a machine of the class described, the combination including acylinder member, a piston member disposed therein, a tool operativelyconnected to one f said members, means for positively reciprocating theother of said members to cause the compressions of the fluid between thepiston member and the ends of the cylinder member which occur onrelative movements of said members to cause reciprocation of said memberto which the tool is operatively connected in stepped relation to saidpositively reciprocated member, and by-pass means communicating with thebore of said cylinder at points more remote from the center pointthereof than one-half the thickness of the piston and operative tointerconnect the spaces at the opposite sides of the piston member topermit the flow of the fluid from one side of said piston member to theother to delay substantial development of throwing pressures unt-il thepiston member is materially beyond its mid-positions in said cylindermember.

29. In a machine of the class described, the combination including acylinder member, a piston member disposed therein, a tool operativelyconnected to one of said members, means for positively reciprocating theother of said members to cause the compressions of the fluid between thepiston member and the ends of the cylinder member which occur onrelative movements of said members to cause reciprocation of said memberto which the tool is operatively connected instepped relation to saidpositively reciprocated member, separate means for connecting each endof the interior of the cylinder with the atmosphere, communicationbetween said means and an end of said cylinder being closed uponmovement of the piston member substantially from vmid-position in saidcylinder member toward that end thereof, and means for delaying materialcompression of the fluid between the ends of the cylinder member and thepiston member until the position of said piston member is materiallynearer the end of said cylinder member than at the tim of closure ofsaid connecting means.

30. In a machine of the class described, the combination including acylinder member, a piston mcmber'disposed therein, a tool operativelyconnected to one of said members, means for positively reciprocating theother of said members to cause the compressions of the fluid between thepiston member and the ends of the cylinder member which ocour onrelative movements of said members to cause reciprocation of said lirstmentioned member in stepped relation to said second member, and meansfor delaying the substantial development of throwing pressures until thepiston member is materially beyond its mid-position in said cylinderincluding bypass means communieatingv at points spaced further than thelength of the piston with the bore ofpsaid cylinder, said points ofcommunication being so disposed that said positively recipro-l catedmember has begun its upward move-v ment prior to the instant of impactof said tool upon the rook and the lifting action of the compressed uidbetween the members maintains the upward movement due to` re- Y bound ofthe tool from the rock.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification, inthe presence of two subscribing Witnesses. Y

` ALBERT BALL. lVitnesses. Y

MORRIS P.- HOLMES,V

THOMAS OFFICER.

